Monday, March 27, 2006

The Igznock

It's interesting to see how the various contradictory stances Ignatieff has taken over the years provides so many reasons to detest the idea of him as the future PM.

I started reading Ahab's Whale a while back and I like how they approach Canadian politics and Guinness with equal enthusiasm. In any case, James has thrown his hat in Ignatieff's ring and he's critiqued Warren Kinsella's post today regarding Ignatieff's recent article in Prospect Magazine on torture. I do think Kinsella has taken Ignatieff out of context. In context, I think the message is even worse. I believe Ignatieff tacitly supports torture through clever doublespeak about "coercive interrogation" and suggesting that he's willing to pay the price of foregoing torture but BOO! there might be another terrorist attack.
Those of us who oppose torture should also be honest enough to admit that we may have to pay a price for our own convictions. Ex ante, of course, I cannot tell how high this price might be. Ex post——following another terrorist attack that might have been prevented through the exercise of coercive interrogation—the price of my scruple might simply seem too high. This is a risk I am prepared to take, but frankly, a majority of fellow citizens is unlikely to concur.
Yes Michael, you're very moral and very good and the price of your scruple is very likely not going to be borne by you. Like I've said before, if you're going to "advocate" torture, or in this case, we're calling it "coercive interrogation," then you should experience it yourself. McCain has; and he calls for an all-out ban. I object to it on more conventional grounds.
From a November 21, 2005 Newsweek article McCain writes:
Some view more coercive interrogation tactics as something short of torture but worry that they might be subject to challenge under the "no cruel, inhumane or degrading" standard. Others, including me, believe that both the prohibition on torture and the cruel, inhumane and degrading standard must remain intact. When we relax that standard, it is nearly unavoidable that some objectionable practices will be allowed as something less than torture because they do not risk life and limb or do not cause very serious physical pain.

[...]

Those who argue the necessity of some abuses raise an important dilemma as their most compelling rationale: the ticking-time-bomb scenario. What do we do if we capture a terrorist who we have sound reasons to believe possesses specific knowledge of an imminent terrorist attack?

In such an urgent and rare instance, an interrogator might well try extreme measures to extract information that could save lives. Should he do so, and thereby save an American city or prevent another 9/11, authorities and the public would surely take this into account when judging his actions and recognize the extremely dire situation which he confronted.

But I don't believe this scenario requires us to write into law an exception to our treaty and moral obligations that would permit cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment. To carve out legal exemptions to this basic principle of human rights risks opening the door to abuse as a matter of course, rather than a standard violated truly in extremis.

It is far better to embrace a standard that might be violated in extraordinary circumstances than to lower our standards to accommodate a remote contingency, confusing personnel in the field and sending precisely the wrong message abroad about America's purposes and practices.

I just reread through the two main articles I referred to and found this comparison revealing.

Ignatieff:
I submit that we would not be "waterboarding" Khalid Sheikh Mohammed—immersing him in water until he experiences the torment of nearly drowning—if our intelligence operatives did not believe it was necessary to crack open the al Qaeda network that he commanded. Indeed, Mark Bowden points to a Time report in March 2003 that Sheikh Mohammed had "given US interrogators the names and descriptions of about a dozen key al Qaeda operatives believed to be plotting terrorist attacks." We must at least entertain the possibility that the operatives working on Sheikh Mohammed in our name are engaging not in gratuitous sadism but in the genuine belief that this form of torture—and it does qualify as such—makes all the difference.

McCain:
[T]here has been considerable press attention to a tactic called "waterboarding," where a prisoner is restrained and blindfolded while an interrogator pours water on his face and into his mouth—causing the prisoner to believe he is being drowned. He isn't, of course; there is no intention to injure him physically. But if you gave people who have suffered abuse as prisoners a choice between a beating and a mock execution, many, including me, would choose a beating. The effects of most beatings heal. The memory of an execution will haunt someone for a very long time and damage his or her psyche in ways that may never heal. In my view, to make someone believe that you are killing him by drowning is no different than holding a pistol to his head and firing a blank. I believe that it is torture, very exquisite torture.
Obviously, to defeat our enemies we need intelligence, but intelligence that is reliable. We should not torture or treat inhumanely terrorists we have captured. The abuse of prisoners harms, not helps, our war effort. In my experience, abuse of prisoners often produces bad intelligence because under torture a person will say anything he thinks his captors want to hear—whether it is true or false—if he believes it will relieve his suffering. [...] It seems probable to me that the terrorists we interrogate under less than humane standards of treatment are also likely to resort to deceptive answers that are perhaps less provably false than that which I once offered.

Both agree it's torture, but one thinks it gets results and the other doesn't. One has lived a comfortable academic life and the other has actually been tortured.

Alright, this is far too long, with way too many quotes. No one's gonna read this in it's entirety but Kev prolly, but oh well. It's done.

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12 comment:

horn said...

I'm not sure why I titled the post the way I did. I wish it had more meaning, but long story short: I was listening to Choclair. Maybe I could make up something about a deeper meaning of nonsense and doublespeak from a T.O. perspective. Edit  

David said...

I hear you Haran.
When you see M.I. in the club, say what up Igznock! Edit  

KevyKev said...

You're right, I did read the whole thing. And Iggy's article too.

Haran, give your head a shake. Your blinded by your own bias and - like Kinsella - missed the entire thesis of his article. Case and point, despite your pleas to the contrary, Ignatieff clearly defines the difference between coercive interrogation and torture. You carelessly dismiss the distinction as one in the same - a so-called doublespeak - in order to support YOUR objective of discrediting the author.

Let's just assume for a moment thouhg that he was employing doublespeak. You still missed the point. Even if "coervice interrogation" is just a PC way of describing torture, Ignatieff himself states that he opposes both:

"The issue is not, as Elshtain implies, that I care overmuch about my own moral purity but rather that I cannot see any clear way to manage coercive interrogation institutionally so that it does not degenerate into torture.

"... So I end up supporting an absolute and unconditional ban on both torture and those forms of coercive interrogation that involve stress and duress."

It's almost appears like you Ctrl-F'd his article searching for the words "torture" and "coercive" and used those sentences in isolation to build your argument without considering their place in context.

Haran, it's one thing to have an opinion and just say you dislike the guy. It's quite another to cite his works out of context in the guise of building a scholarly critique. I suggest you stick with the former. It's easier to do and nobody will ever argue that you're not entitled to your opinion!

Btw, I'm not a kool-aid drinker. I don't know who I'm supporting for the leadership yet. I don't think it will be Ignatieff though. Maybe I've read too much into Plato's Republic, but I have an intangible discomfort with putting intellectuals in the top positions of power. Edit  

horn said...

Kevin, now you've mischaracterized or mistaken my opinion for a scholarly critique. It is wholly my opinion. This isn't a published piece in Prospect Magazine. Everything I said was couched in "I believe" because, well, it is my belief. I have no formal background in this area, and this is my common sense derived, opined blog post.

"I suggest you stick with the former [opinion]." Thanks for the suggestion, it's already been implemented.

Is your response a scholarly critique? Or your opinion? I assumed it was an opinion but now I'm not sure as a result of your definition of scholarly critique.

If this is indeed a discussion of opinions, then I suggest it's you that needs to shake off some bias in your opinion. I didn't bring in the full context of Ignatieff's piece- with his NY Times piece on the "Lesser Evils" [mirrored here]- because I assumed some reader familiarity with him if they read my whole post (or they would have ignored the post entirely).

Sticking too firmly to the rule of law simply allows terrorists too much leeway to exploit our freedoms. Abandoning the rule of law altogether betrays our most valued institutions. To defeat evil, we may have to traffic in evils: indefinite detention of suspects, coercive interrogations, targeted assassinations, even pre-emptive war. These are evils because each strays from national and international law and because they kill people or deprive them of freedom without due process. They can be justified only because they prevent the greater evil. The question is not whether we should be trafficking in lesser evils but whether we can keep lesser evils under the control of free institutions. [Lesser Evils]
Can we keep the lesser evils under control? From his Prospect article he suggests that we can't. So he says he now believes in an outright ban.
To keep faith with this commitment, we need a presidential order or Congressional legislation that defines exactly what constitutes acceptable degrees of coercive interrogation. Here we are deep into lesser-evil territory. Permissible duress might include forms of sleep deprivation that do not result in lasting harm to mental or physical health, together with disinformation and disorientation (like keeping prisoners in hoods) that would produce stress. What crosses the line into the impermissible would be any physical coercion or abuse, any involuntary use of drugs or serums, any withholding of necessary medicines or basic food, water and essential rest. [Lesser Evils]
From the McCain article, the Senator suggests that psychological trauma can be more lasting and painful than physical abuse. Where is this line between coercive interrogation and torture. You say Ignatieff delineated it clearly. Is it here? "I have practical difficulty enumerating a list of coercive techniques that I would be willing to have a democratic society inflict in my name."[If torture works...]

The point I got out of If torture works... is that he suggests it's a slippery slope between coercive interrogation and torture. Why does he need to make this distinction if he's against it both absolutely? Because of what he says in Lesser Evils.

He continues in section VII of Lesser Evils, "Controlling the President", which follows directly after section VI's "Torture" by stating that:
Keeping the president under democratic control is not going to be easy. The dilemmas here are best illustrated by looking closely at pre-emptive war. It is a lesser evil because, according to our traditional understanding of war, the only justified resort to war is a response to actual aggression. But those standards are outdated. They were conceived for wars against states and their armies, not for wars against terrorists and suicide bombers. Against this kind of enemy, everyone can see that instead of waiting for terrorists to hit us, it makes sense to get our retaliation in first. The problem with pre-emption is keeping the president's war power under democratic control.
[...]

A war on terror, declared against a global enemy, with no clear end in sight, raises the prospect of an out-of-control presidency. As we learned in the run-up to the war in Iraq, the case for a pre-emptive war is always bound to be speculative, based on doubtful intelligence that will be hard for either an electorate or its representatives, let alone the bureaucracy, to assess for credibility" [Lesser Evils]
I'm sorry, everyone except the US Government and Michael Ignatieff was able to assess it for credibility. I do not trust him for that point alone, but that's not the reason why I had an issue with his Prospect piece.
Even those -- like me -- who supported the Iraq war because it might bring freedom and democracy to people who had been gassed, tortured and killed for 30 years had better admit that if our grounds for war had been squarely put to the American people, they probably would have voted to stay home. [Lesser Evils]
I believe you've lost credibility when you say that you need accountability in declarations of pre-emptive war, AFTER you've acknowledged your support for a pre-emptive war. I believe politicians whose ideologies I tend to agree with are the ones that were outspoken from the beginning. I believe this is an indication that Ignatieff has shifting purposes for many of his controversial ideas. Maybe this is the "bias" you suggested, regarding my views, on M.I.'s views, on torture.
A lesser-evil approach permits preventive detention, where subject to judicial review; coercive interrogation, where subject to executive control; pre-emptive strikes and assassination, where these serve publicly defensible strategic goals. But everything has to be subject to critical review by a free people: free debate, public discussion, Congressional review, in camera if need be, judicial review as a last resort. [Lesser Evils]
So he states that by adopting a "lesser-evil" approach that is subject to review we can exploit the benefits of "terrorist" tactics but still hold ourselves on our moral high ground. This, after he spent the article discussing how we can't properly review anything regarding this current war.

Which brings me back to his Prospect Magazine article If torture works.... It seems he's finally done trying to convince people that we can use coercive interrogation as long as we bring it into public scrutiny. Maybe because he's finally realized that it's a practical impossibility? I don't know.

My beef is with the way he tries to deliver the new message. I still hear Lesser Evils coming out of this article. He's careful in the way he chooses his words. He's careful so that if you look at the article on the face of it, yes, it looks clear cut. And I agree with a lot of what he's saying on the face of it in If torture works.... But when I do a little digging, when I bring a little context into it, I believe he's talking out the side of his mouth. I believe he's trying to suggest, "hey, I don't agree with torture, but if shit happens, don't look at me. I warned you." I think he's an opportunist for sure (see: Etobicoke-Lakeshore; rewriting his beliefs for upcoming elections), but more importantly, I think he's being disingenuous.

That's my opinion. Based on my interpretation. Of his words.

I would suggest that if you're going to be commenting on my opinions, that you approach the points in the opinion, and perhaps not what you believe is a bias, perceived techniques I may have used to construct my blog post, or any inability of mine, real or imagined, to critique effectively. I believe it ventures close to an ad hominem argument when you could likely attack the facts directly to point out weaknesses in what I have said.

That holds for both scholarly critiques and opinion pieces. Edit  

horn said...

NB: I edited your post to blockquote your quote.
Also, humourous that my comment is prolly longer than my original post. Brevity is not one of my strong points. Edit  

blogwatt said...

just so you guys know, I'm not reading all of that. though, I did catch the part about nobody reading all of it. other than that, the only part I agree with is the second half of dave's comment. Edit  

horn said...

Thanks for the insights Biddy; I just wanted to add another quote. From TDH Strategies blog (never heard of 'em before...I'm including it because it's interesting that two different people read M.I's missive and came up with very similar conclusions on the same day. Remember, this IS is in context; that of MI's articles to date):

Reading Ignatieff's long-winded views on counter-terrorism techniques is very frustrating, particularly because his obvious affinity for the benefits of selective torture is always buffered by his claims that he does not support its practice, nor the use of "coercive interrogation." He flirts with the issue masterfully, and yet always leaves himself an exit strategy to negate his critics.
So if you want to get caught up on the debate, that's essentially my point in a nutshell. Edit  

KevyKev said...

I liked the nutshell better... More concise.

To that end, I say he's an academic. Academics tend to find arguments for both/all sides of a debate to defend or attack a thesis. Politicians and media, on the other hand tend to opine by highlighting one perspective, one point of view: their's.

In the end, I don't think the man personally supports torture, nor coercive interrogation. Nor do I think he is particularly hawkish (compared to some of his contemporaries south of the border and in the Middle East). I do, however, think he is talented at arguing both points of view. He seems to find the rationale and virtue in things we may not personally support nor be too comfortable with. The world is not painted black and white; despite the racially charged culture content we are force fed from the US. There is a huge grey region where just and unjust, aggression and defence, righteousness and violence tend to collide and mix.

Do you want me to show my hand? Well, here it is. At this moment in time, I think Canada is in search of identity. Not since the likes of Trudeau - I would wager - has Canada had a leader that embodied a unified vision or identity. Whether that identity now comes from the political left, right, or centre is unknown to me. What I do suppose, however, is that this leadership renewal in the Liberal party - perhaps the first of its kind since Trudeau as well - is a good opportunity to find someone that may fit the bill. It might not be MI, but I'd much rather be open to incorporating some of his ideas in the debate than dismiss him completely out of visceral contempt.

I'll leave you with one last quote. Two guesses on who said it. Your first one doesn't count:

"If the fragile internationalism of the myth of human brotherhood has returned as a moral force in the modern world, it is because partial human solidarities - those of religion, ethnicity, and class - have dishonored themselves by the slaughter committed in their names."
Here's another one found in the New York Times on July 28, 2002:
"America's entire war on terror is an exercise in imperialism. This may come as a shock to Americans, who don't like to think of their country as an empire. But what else can you call America's legions of soldiers, spooks and special forces straddling the globe?"
And just for fun: "I ... love ... peace ... I ... love ... Canada." I'm sure he said it. I just took a bunch of words completely out of context from several different sources to create a quote that helps support my opinion! ; ) Edit  

KevyKev said...

Oh by the way:

"...particularly because his obvious affinity for the benefits of selective torture..."

Wasn't too obvious to me. I wish I could use rhetorical devices with such proficiency so that nobody would ever check the source to see if in fact it really was obvious. I wish... Edit  

horn said...

In the end it comes down to opinions, because you really can't draw out a side from his piece (in context of his body of work on the topic). Is that good for an academic? Sure. But is it good for a leader? No.

If he stuck to policy work, then wouldn't have a problem with him.

Regardless, he stated he supported an illegal war, and many believe he does support "coercive interrogation". You point out the rhetoric of "obvious affinity", but at the same time, I doubt you'd be able to nail down whether or not it's true. That's my problem with him. He's covering his own ass for every eventuality.

I don't mean that you should never examine more than one side of any problem. But when you're actually in charge of a country, decisions have to be made. It doesn't sit well with me if he can justify, or rationalize away, just about any course of action.

That, hell, combined with the fact that he parachutes in after 30 years of living in America, make it easier for me to believe he'd be a bad choice to lead Canada. Edit  

horn said...

Timely metafilter discussion. Hey Kev, I guess a lot of people seem to be "missing the point" when it comes to M.I. Or maybe this issue is not as clear cut as you suggest.

Update 04/01/06: This is crazy. New Internationalist Magazine has an article on M.I. that contains many of the buzzwords/cliches/phrases I used.

Michael Ignatieff, who calls himself a liberal and a human rights campaigner, is a wolf in sheep's clothing.

[...]

His clever wordplay doesn't disguise a poor grasp of the facts. Reading Ignatieff's feature articles in the New York Times Magazine over the past four years, one discovers that the pompous professor is a bad student who doesn't actually learn from his own mistakes.

[...]

Ethnocentric and naïve as they may be, Ignatieff's delusional dreams of US nation-building aren't the worst he has to offer. There's also his fudging the question of torture.

[...]

Ignatieff's support for the global projection of US power may endanger his political ambitions in Canada, where people overwhelmingly oppose the Iraq war and continue to distrust Bush's imperial policies. When Canadians demand an explanation from Ignatieff, and tire of his longwinded and convoluted answers, someone may have to whisper to him: 'We're not at Harvard any more.'
Edit  

Mandy said...

hahaha I started reading, but then skimmed down to the end to at least read that last line. Sorry Horn, I tried :) but I thought that was funny. Edit  

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